1
2
  -2023
..  
 
:      : 75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.              
2.             
-
3.             
4.    '      
-
5.               
6.    ,        
2
2
-
7.       
8.      
3
2
  -2023
..  
 
:      : 75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.              
:    
  (PE)          ,   
             , 
  ,     '  
   ,      -     
,   , ,    -    , 
     ,       ,   
            
 
        
;      
-       ,        
            , 
       
   
           ,    
, ,            
     :
 :       ,   
          , , ,
4
2
                
 
 
   :        
   
      ,  
          ,    
 
    
 
   :      
 ,             
   -, -         ,
        
    :         
              , 
       ,    
              

   
     ,          
             
   :
 :
  ( ,     , ,   
)     
          
       
-            
   :
  ,   - ,  ,  

-, -  -  
     ,      
  
   :
 ,      
5
2
           
 ,        
-, -,    - 
     :
         
 ,           
           
      
              
              ,
   ,     '    
  ,            
   
    -  
  , 
    
       
       
    :
   :  
    
  ,     ,        
  ,  , ,  2        
     
   :      '  
  ,     ,        
   ,  ,         , 
    
   :    -,  ,  ,
                
         
   :          
  ,          
           
    
     '     ,    
     
 :           ,  
           
      
6
2
, ,      ,    
         
 ,          ,   
, ,          
  ,         ,
              
,              
            ,
    
2.             
:   
               
        , ,    
     ,      
""  ""      ,   ""    ,   
               ,   
              
     ,         
              
     ,    :
1.    :         
 
           
        ,   , ,  
   '   
2.    :       
             
        , ,  / 
    
3.    :        
    
     ,  
 ,            
       
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2
4.     :        
,          ,    
           

         
5.   :          
,          
    
         ,    ,
 ,            
       
     
              
,             
        -      
1.  :           , 
 , ,          
            
  
        ,
           
      
2.    :         
        '    
         , ,  
        ,     
  
 
3.    :    
  ,            
       ,  '     
             

4.     :     
     
     
,           
      ,      
        
8
2
5.       :     
     
     
 ,  
   ,       
           
              
             ,
              

   
          , 
  -
           
 
1.  :    ,      
 '       ,   , ,
          ,   
           
2.    :        
  '         
     , ,       
   ,        
 
3.    :    
  ,            
       ,  '     
             

4.     :     
      
    
 ,          
       ,    
          
5.       :     
     
     
 ,  
   ,       
           
 ,           ,  
     
   , ,   
9
2
   ,          
  

        , 
       
          
   
    ,           ,
,          
       ,       
              
  
 , , ,       
      ,   
 ,  
        
            , ,  
             
             
        ,  ,    
      
-
3.             
:     
              
 
 :               

                 
         ,      
   ,     ,    ,    ,
   '  
 : ,             
    
            ,
         
   , ,  
10
2
,  -   (  , ,  )
       
                
            
  ,            
 
 
            :
1.  :  -        
             
          
2.   :          
    
   ,  ,   ,  
            

3.    :      
          ,     ,
  ,    
4.  :  ,   - , 
    ,     ,     
       
,     -         
      ,  ,      
               
  
   ,  ,         
-          
  
       ,     ,   
  ,             
          :
1. :
o    ' ,        
o               
  
 
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2
o         ,      , 
    
o           ,  
  
2. :
o          
o      ,      
  ,        
o             
     
o          ,  
    
3. :
o   , ,         

o               ,
         
o     '         ,  
      
o          , 
,          
           
,  
 -           , -
      ,   ,  ,  ,  
             
            , 
 
     ,       
 
             
     ,         , 
    ,           
        
                
   ,          
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2
       ,       -
           '    ,
            
 ,              
         ,     
        
  ,  
  -           
  ,   ,    ,    
                
 ,    ,        -
               
         
  
       
4.    '      
:            '    
    :          
         

      
        
     () 
       
      '     
 
1.  :       ,  
,   ,   ,   ,     
      '      
   
2.  :  ,   , ,   
  ,           
        ,      
          
3.   :        ,  
/,  ,    , 
13
2
            
        ,    
4.   :        
,     , , ,  -   
           
     
 
     ,           
   
       
         
 ,   ,   , ,   , 
         ,    
            ,  
         

  -     
      
   ,              
     '     
    
    ,     ,   -    
,    '     
1.   :   ,       ,   
     ,   ,     
,            
    
2.   :            
               
,    ,          
3.   :            ' 
   ,     '   ,    ,   
,     '         
    
14
2
             ,   
   '      
1.   :    
      
   ,      '   
   ,           
 
2.  :         
  ,            
 ,           ' 
    
3.    :   ,  , 
-          ,  ,
    '        ,
        ,  
      
4.  :      ,   - 
  ,   ,     ,   ,
      '    
5. - :   -    , 
,          ,     
       
6.  :  ,   -   ,
             
,  '   ,         
 '     
     
         '      
 '  
; ,          
    
 
1. -  :         
     ,      
              
     ,         
 
 
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2
2.  :      ,   
              ,
             
     ,        
  
3.   :        '
    ,       
             
      ,         

 ,    '         
             
           
     , 
         
   
 ,          
  
-
5.               
:           
            ,    
           ,  
              

 
              
    
        :
1. :     ,  ,   
             
 (),  (  ),      
       
16
2
2. :      ,    
  '   ,          
    -    
3.    :        
 ,     ,   ,    
      - '    
,        
4.    :           , 
 , -, ,   (),         
  
 
    
               
   ,          ,  
-      
1.  '  :      ,  
         -  
      -    -   
    
2.    :        
    ,    '     '  
            

3.    : 19
    20
   ,    
    ,      (1872),   
  (1792),    (1875)     
       ,      
     
      
-      ,     '   
             
, -           
1.       :   
    ,        
 '  ,          
 ,         
17
2
2.       :   , 
     ,        
             
 ,          
3.      :      
      ,        
 ,       '      
          -  
   
4.       ' :       
,   ,         
             
     -        
 
    
-     ,         
               
       
1.     (YMCA):YMCA,  19
   
 ,          
       - YMCA   ,   
,        
2.      :1942 ,   
        ,    
           
            
 
3.           : 
,      1924       
 ,               
     
4.     :    (IOA)  
1927    ,           

  IOA          -
           

18
2
  
              
    ,          
 
1.    :      '  
       ,     '     
            
2.      :       , 
     ,         
3.    :      
 -    ,    ,    
 '     
4.      :        
             ,   
      
   ,              
      
    ,    ,
                 
         
6.    ,        
:   : ,   
   (SAI)
    (SAI)       ,      
     1984  , SAI        
  
 ,        
         
SAI  
               
      ,      
,               
19
2
        '     


SAI  
              
         :
1.  :          ,   ' 
     ,        
 -  '          
,     -      
-  
2.     -:    -   , 
       -     

  -       
, 
               
  
 ,      
3.   :, ,       
           
            
       ,      
       
4.  :             
             , 
 
           
  ,        
5.     :       
         '      
,  ,        
 ,          
6.   :            ,
              
 ,     ,     
           

7.  :   '       , 
 
          
   , 
20
2
 -    
    ' 
     '   
8.   :          - 
 ,   
         
       ,       
     -  
9.   :         ,   
      ,   ,   
    -      
    
10.    :         
      
       
             
          
SAI    
           

  SAI        :
1.    :       ,    
    , -        
     ,       ,
     ,      
  
2.     : ,     -
          (TOPS)  -
      
       
       ,     
     
3.   :          
 ,            
    ,   ,   ,  
    '        
    
4.  :              
    
 ,       (DSC) 
    (NCCP)      
21
2
,           
      
5.     :       
-         ,   
  .           
       , ,   
      
6.  :  ,         
 '              
      ,     
           
7.  :           
        -  
         ,   
  (IOC)      (OCA),  -   
   
8.    :,         
         ,       
    ,          
             
 ,             
  
       
, SAI   
            
'        
-
7.       
: -
    ,          
  -        ,    
             -   ,
      
 
22
2
      ,    , , , -
    ,        
    
    19
           776
    393        ,    
       ,        
       
               
           1894 ,   
                
    ,       (IOC)   

 ,     1896        13 
  241  ,   43         
              
  
 ,   ,         1896  
   ,    200       30     
 
           ,   
  ,    1924  ,     
         
 :
-19   2021     2020  206   11,000  
   
 2024             
   
         :
1.    
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  , , , , ,     
          ,       
      
2.    
           , , , 
               
  
3. 
        1960    '   , 
               
  
4. 
2010   ,   14-18           
            
   
1.  
      (, , , , )   
  -
, , ,         
   
   
2.  
   :
"Citius, Altius, Fortius" -    ", , "  
2021 ,  ""       :
", ,  - "
  ,      
 
3.  
  ,     ,        
                
   
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4.  
,    ,          
     
   
                 
      ,  IOC        
          ,  , 
      
     :
 (2008, 2022)
 (1908, 1948, 2012)
 (1964, 2020/2021)
   (2016)
  (1984,   2028)
   (IOC)  
,        ,      
:
     
     
     
 
  '  -   
 ,        
               
 
 
   
            :
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   
 - .
    -
     
, ,           
   
     ,         
   ()             
       
      

  
    ,        :
1.              
         
2. -  ,       ,   1980 ()
 1984 ( ) 
3.   -         
   
4.   -   '       
     
    
  ,     
 :
    -         
   -         
 
 - -      
 
26
2
 -- - ,     
  
  -           
  

       -    ,    
       ,      
,  
        , ,    
  
 
     ,         
,  ,
     -       
  
    ,        
       
  - , ,  - 
8.      
:    -
 ,      ,          
            -  ,   
              
 -  
  ,       
       ,       ,
        
 :     
          ,     
             
          
   1951  
,        
    
       6   11  
     ,       
27
2
       (OCA)     
    (IOC)    
     
        
    - '
 :
1.   :      - ,  
    
     
2.   :     ' 
        
3.   :          
    
4.  -:  -,   -   ,
,      
 
   
1951      ,           :
    11    45     
      1951   6  ,  40       
   10,000      ,     
 
 
        :







 
28
2

 (    )
     
       
:
1. 1951 
, :    11    
2. 1962 , :       

3. 1982 
,  ():        
           
4. 1994 , :    ,       
  '  
5. 2010 , :    '    ,   

6. 2018   , : ,     
 
   
               
 (1951  1982)       -    
   :





              :
  (  )
.. 
 
29
2
 
 
         ,   ,  
          ,       
    
      (OCA)       
   :
1. :              
2.    :  ,    
   
 
3.  :        

4.  :-   15-20     
5.  : ,          '  
 
6.  :         
    
     ,      
:
         
            
          
    ,   '   
   ,           

30
2
   
   2026    -      
 -,   -     '   
 :
   
-     
         

         -       - ,
            
 
   ,       
 :
   
   
 
    
1951            ,    
           
"               

       ,         "